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Migration appears to be a determinant in health-care utilisation, particularly among the elderly in India. Ageing and migration are essential socio-demographic phenomena in the 21st century for developing and developed countries to establish better public health-care policies. This study aims to focus on the status and determinants of health-care utilisation among elderly migrants who have migrated after attaining the age of 45 and above.

This study used the data from the first wave of the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) in 2017–2018. Two outcome variables were used to examine the health-care utilisation, including in-patient and out-patient care. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of healthcare utilisation in terms of in-patient and out-patient care among the elderly migrant population.

A total of 82.9% of elderly migrants had visited out-patient care when they were sick, whereas 15.3% have used in-patient care. Enabling factors, such as wealth quintile and health insurance, and need factor, such as chronic disease and self-rated health, were more significant factors influencing the health-care utilisation.

This study contributes to our understanding of older migrants’ health-care utilisation. Focussing on this study’s outcome, policymakers and decision makers may consider improving older migrants’ access to health-care by raising their income level, offering local health insurance and health awareness programs.

The economic growth of any country depends largely on the entrance to international capital inflows, that is, external investment and its optimum allotment to components of different economic sectors. In several ways, foreign direct investment (FDI) helps by creating employment opportunities and rapid economic growth in emerging countries through capital flows in the developed countries and under developed countries. Many factors are affecting the FDI inflows in emerging countries among such determinants environmental issues are play a crucial role. Pollution control, air cleaner, water cleanness, etc., are the part of the environmental regulation in any country. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emission are major components of air pollution that have been widely used in empirical studies. The study intends to explore the impact of environmental regulations on FDI inflows in emerging countries along with governance factors and the macroeconomic fundamentals like per capita power consumption, trade openness, per capita GDP, etc. Based on the statistical data of 15 emerging countries from 2000 to 2015, the study follows the static panel data approach to empirically find the impact of environmental issues on FDI inflows. The results reveal that significant bonding realise between environmental regulations and FDI inflows in emerging countries. Based on the statistical evaluation however best our knowledge FDI is more attractive where lower regulations are established. For sake of simplicity environmental regulations are crucial to the multinational corporations (MNCs) for investment.

The emission of greenhouse gasses, deforestation, and global warming occurred for unplanned developmental designs in most of the South Asian countries. The present study intends to make a comparative study between Bangladesh and the Maldives regarding the impact of pollution on economic growth. The developmental process of these two countries has been interrogated due to the absence of implementing the plan of sustainable development properly. These two countries have been chosen due to having dissimilarities of demographic structure and different developmental models. The density of the population in Bangladesh is the height of the South Asian countries. An unplanned developmental process, urbanisation, and industrialisation made the country highly polluted. Albeit foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrialisation helped Bangladesh to be promoted from a least developed country to a developing country, yet question raises about sustainable development. The South Asian tinny island state, the Islamic Republic of the Maldives has a tourist-based economic structure facing environmental disaster. The erosion of lands and growing air pollution have collectively made the island country jeopardised. This chapter will delineate the effects of pollution on economic growth both in Bangladesh and the Maldives. It will further shed light on application of environmental governance in Bangladesh and the Maldives.